Breastfeeding has been shown to reduce the number of infections in infants. Studies have shown a decreased incidence of meningitis, sepsis, pneumococcal disease, as well as resistant pneumococcal bacterium as compared with their formula-fed peers. Breastfeeding also reduces diarrheal disease, urinary tract infections, ear infections, as well as respiratory illnesses. Many of these illnesses result in the use of antimicrobials, with up to 53% of all antimicrobials being prescribed to 0-4 year olds.

A recent study in Clinical Pediatrics further demonstrates the importance of breastfeeding in reducing infections. The study shows by reducing infections that breastfed babies greatly reduce the need for antimicrobials. In fact, the number of days infants spent on antimicrobials was half that of those being fed formula. “The mean number of days receiving antimicrobials was also significantly higher in formula-fed infants at both the 6- and 12-month levels in comparison to breastfed infants. Breastfeeding babies spent 48% as much time receiving antimicrobials by 6 months of age as their formula-fed peers did.” The study also showed that continued breastfeeding beyond 6 months also had a positive effect in less antimicrobial use.

The authors also note that by reducing the use of antimicrobials there would be a decrease in the numbers of resistant bacteria. “Numerous studies have linked repeated antimicrobial exposure to the carriage of resistant organisms, especially penicillin-resistant Pneumococcus. Encouraging women to breastfeed could be a practical intervention to reduce antimicrobial exposure in infants and consequently decrease the number of resistant organisms.”

They note that the Academy of Pediatrics has endorsed exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and continuation up to 12 months as the ideal for all infants. The conclude that, “Breastfeeding, based on our study, provides a practical and effective intervention for infants in the battle against overuse of antimicrobials and potential acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.”

Source: Clinical Pediatrics, September 2004, pp. 631-636
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