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“For postmenopausal women with epilepsy, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) presents another potential source or hormonal influences on seizure activity. One survey suggests that it may exacerbate seizures. This would seem plausible, given that estrogen in proconvulsant in several animal models.”
Cynthia L. Harden, Andrew G. Herzog, Blagovest G. Nikolov, Barbara S. Koppel, Paul J. Christos, Kristen Fowler, Douglas R. Labar, and W. Allen Hauser, "Hormone Replacement Therapy in Women with Epilepsy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study", Epilepsia, September 1, 2006, Vol. 47, Num. 9, pp. 1447-1451
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“of more than 27 million deaths reported in the United States, pressure ulcers were listed as a cause of in 114,380, or 0.4%, of those deaths; in 21,365 (18.7%) of these, they were the primary (or underlying) cause of death.”
Catania, Kimberly MSN, RN, CNS, AOCN; Huang, Cheryl MS, RN, CNS, AOCN; James, Polly MSN, RN, CNS, OCN; Madison, Michelle MS, RN, CNS; Moran, Molly MSN, RN, CNS, AOCN; Ohr, Misty MSN, RN, CNS, AOCN, "PUPPI: The Pressure Ulcer Prevention Protocol Interventions", American Journal of Nursing, April 1, 2007, Vol. 107, Num. 4, pp. 44-52
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"This analysis indicates that 270,000 ADHD cases in children 4-15 years of age are attributable to prenatal ETS [Environmental Tobacco Smoke] exposure, and 290,000 cases of ADHD among U.S. children 4-15 years of age are attributable to environmental lead exposure."
Joe M. Braun, Robert S. Kahn, Tanya Froehlich, Peggy Auinger, and Bruce P. Lanphear, "Exposures to Environmental Toxicants and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in U.S. Children", Environmental Health Perspectives, December 1, 2006, Vol. 114, Num. 12, pp. 1904-1909
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“Our study confirms the USDA [United States Department of Agriculture] figures that suggest Americans, and particularly African Americans, consume excess quantities of animal protein and fat and lead us to the conclusion that a healthier lifestyle that includes less meat and more fruit, vegetables, grains, and exercise should be beneficial not only for the colon but also for general health.”
Stephen J.D. O'Keefe, "Why Do African Americans Get More Colon Cancer than Native Africans?", The Journal of Nutrition, February 7, 2007, Vol. 137, Num. 0, pp. 175S-182S
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“salmeterol may be responsible for approximately 4,000 of the 5,000 asthma-related deaths that occur in the United States each year.”
Shelly R. Salpeter, MD; Nicholas S. Buckley; Thomas M. Ormiston, MD; and Edwin E. Salpeter, PhD, "Meta-Analysis: Effect of Long-Acting Beta-Agonists on Severe Asthma Exacerbations and Asthma-Related Deaths", Annals of Internal Medicine, June 1, 2006, Vol. 144, Num. 0, pp. 904-912
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“Consistent with the recent International Agency for Research on Cancer classification of OCs (oral contraceptives) as group 1 carcinogens, this meta-analysis suggests that OCs are associated with an increase risk of premenopausal breast cancer risk, especially among women who use OCs before first full term pregnancy.”
Chris Kahlenborn, MD; Francesmary Modugno, PhD, MPH; Douglas M. Potter, PhD; and Walter B. Severs, PhD, "Oral Contraceptive Use as a Risk Factor for Premenopausal Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis", Mayo Clinic Proceedings, October 1, 2006, Vol. 81, Num. 10, pp. 1290-1302
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“Shortages of vitamin A and zinc alone cause the deaths of more than 1.5 million children each year.”
"The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2005", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, November 1, 2005, Num. 0,
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“Green leaf vegetables are potential sources of antioxidants and phase II detoxification enzyme inducers in the Asian diet. It is likely that consumption of such vegetables is a major source of beneficial phytochemical constituents that may protect against colonic damage.”
Peter Rose, Choon Nam Ong, Matt Whiteman, "Protective effects of Asian green vegetables against oxidant induced cytotoxicity", World Journal of Gastroenterology, December 28, 2005, Vol. 11, Num. 48, pp. 7607-7614
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"As NSAIDs were originally developed for the relief of pain, long term placebo controlled trials have not been done.”
Patricia M Kearney, Colin Baigent, Jon Godwin, Heather Halls, Jonathan R Emberson and Carlo Patrono, "Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials.", BMJ (British Medical Journal), June 3, 2006, Vol. 332, Num. 0, pp. 1302-1308
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“Our findings show that higher intakes of green leafy vegetables may help prevent SCC [Squamous Cell Carcinoma ] tumours among people who have prior skin cancers, and that a high intake of unmodified dairy, such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt, may increase SCC risk in susceptible individuals.”
Maria Celia Hughes, Jolieke C. van del Pols, Geoffery C. Marks, Adèle C. Green, "Food intake and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in a community: The Nambour skin cancer cohort study", International Journal of Cancer, May 1, 2006, Num. 0,
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“The anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids may contribute to their cardioprotective effects. Inflammation is now believed to be a central process in the development of atherosclerosis and CHD. Early recruitment of monocytes and T-lymphocytes and interactions with the endothelium contribute to the formation of vascular lesions. In the arterial wall, monocytes are converted to macrophages which signal production of inflammatory cytokines (interlukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, CD-40). The macrophages take up oxidized LDL-cholesterol mediated by scavenger receptors on their surface, forming foam cells. The foam cells and T-lymphocytes comprise the fatty streak, the earliest lesion in atherosclerosis.”
Marguerite M. Engler, PhD, FAHA; Mary B. Engler, PhD, FAHA, "Omega-3 Fatty Acids – Role in Cardiovascular Health and Disease", Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, January 31, 2006, Vol. 21, Num. 1, pp. 17-24
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“Approximately 90% of 21 billion marketing budget of the pharmaceutical industry continues to be directed at physicians, despite a dramatic increase in direct-to consumer advertising.”
Troyen A. Brennan, MD, MPH; David J. Rothman, PhD; Linda Blank; David Blumenthal, MD, MPP; Susan C. Chimonas, PhD; Jordan J. Cohen, MD; Janlori Goldman, JD; Jerome P. Kassirer, MD; Harry Kimball, MD; James Naughton, MD; Neil Smesler, PhD, "Health Industry Practices That Create Conflicts of Interest", JAMA, January 25, 2006, Vol. 295, Num. 4, pp. 429-433
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These researchers confirmed that thimerosal crosses the blood-brain barrier and results in appreciable mercury content in tissues including the brain. They determined the overall half-life of mercury in the brain of the infant monkeys examined was approximately 24 days. In addition, it was determined that the concentration of inorganic mercury in the brains of the thimerosal-treated infant monkeys averaged 16 ppb [parts-per-billion] following the dosing schedule, and the half-life of this inorganic mercury was very long (> 120 days).
David A. Geier, B.A. and Mark R. Geier, MD, PhD, "Early Downward Trends in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Following Removal of Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines", Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, March 1, 2006, Vol. 11, Num. 1, pp. 8-13
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“A pharmaceutical conceptual framework, involving the use of a single nutrient to treat a specific disorder, is virtually always used to evaluate CEN [Conditionally Essential Nutrients ] efficacy. Researchers and clinicians seem to be unaware that the nutrients exhibit complementary actions and should therefore be used in combination.”
Barry S. Kendler, PhD, FACN, "Supplemental Conditionally Essential Nutrients in Cardiovascular Disease Therapy", Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, January 31, 2006, Vol. 21, Num. 1, pp. 9-16
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Our study population shows a relatively low (3.7%) percentage of positive reactions to thimerosal but a much higher [percentage of] relevant ones. A high proportion of thimerosal positive reactions (approximately 73%) was found to be clinically relevant.
Dan Slodownik and Arieh Ingber, "Thimerosal - Is it really irrelevant?", Contact Dermatitis, December 1, 2005, Vol. 53, Num. 0, pp. 324-326
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Of the 12 subject receiving active drug [vitamin E], 10 were considered responders (> 60% reduction in seizure frequency), 6 had 90-100% reduction of seizure frequency, and 4 had 60-90% reduction.
A.O. Ogunmekan and P.A. Hwang, "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial of D-Alpha-Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E), as Add-On Therapy, for Epilepsy in Children", Epilepsia, January 1, 1989, Vol. 30, Num. 1, pp. 84-89
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All five [epileptic] patients exhibited substantial improvement and alleviation in frequency and strength of both GM [Grand mal] and PM [Petit mal] seizures. No adverse affects were noticed in any of them. Our study shows that n-3 PUFAs [omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids] can alleviate symptoms of human epilepsy.
Simon Schlanger, Meir Shinitzky, and Daniel Yam, "Diet Enriched with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Alleviates Convulsion Symptoms in Epilepsy Patients", Epilepsia, January 1, 2002, Vol. 43, Num. 1, pp. 103-104
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“A composite of red and processed meat servings in place of carbohydrate food servings was associated with a 44 percent increase risk of CHD [Coronary Heart Disease] mortality, and a similar increased risk was observed with dairy servings.”
Linda E. Keleman, Lawrence H. Kushi, David R. Jacobs, Jr., and James R. Cerhan, "Associations of Dietary Protein with Disease and Mortality in a Prospective Study of Postmenopausal Women", American Journal of Epidemiology, February 1, 2005, Vol. 161, Num. 0, pp. 239-249
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Several studies, most of them in the German literature, have shown that black cohosh yields a significant improvement in reductions of up to 80% reported hot flushes. The usual dosage is 40 drops of the extract twice daily for 6 to 8 weeks, or one to two 20-mg tablets twice daily with liquid (not to be chewed or sucked).
Dr. Machelle M. Seibel, "Treating hot flushes without hormone replacement therapy", Journal of Family Practice, April 1, 2003, Vol. 52, Num. 4, pp. 291-296
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Chronic coffee consumption unfavorably affects arterial stiffness. Given the widespread consumption of coffee throughout the world, together with the major influence of aortic stiffness and wave reflections on cardiovascular function and cardiovascular disease risk, our findings have important implications for human health.
Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Nikolaos Ioakeimidis, Ioanna Dima, and Chrstodoulos Stefanadis, "Chronic coffee consumption has a detrimental effect on aortic stiffness and wave reflections.", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2005, Vol. 81, Num. 0, pp. 1307-1312
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In summary, proton pump inhibitor treatment has not been shown to reduce mortality after ulcer bleeding. It is, however, a remarkably consistent observation that such treatment reduces rates of rebleeding and, in general, the need for surgical intervention. This may be associated with important cost savings, which should be further evaluated in formal cost effectiveness studies.
Grigoris I. Leontiadis, Virender K.Sharma, and Colin W. Howden, "Systematic review and meta-analysis of proton pump inhibitor therapy in peptic ulcer bleeding", BMJ (British Medical Journal), March 12, 2005, Vol. 330, Num. 0, pp. 568-570
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The Nutrition Screening Initiative estimates that 40% to 60% of hospitalized older adults are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition; it also estimates that 40% to 85% of nursing home residents suffer from malnutrition and that 20% to 60% of home care patients are so afflicted.
Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalial, PhD, RN, CNSN, and Elaine Amella, PhD, APRN, BC, "Nutrition in Older Adults", American Journal of Nursing, March 1, 2005, Vol. 105, Num. 3, pp. 40-50
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During the past decade we have developed a quantitative method of grading the degree of atherosclerosis, and by this system we can determine the degree of atherosclerosis at different segments and even the same segment of the different sectors. Table 1 shows that the overt coffee drinking population has a higher degree of atherosclerosis than the overt tea drinking population.
Wei Young, Robert L. Hotovec, and Arthur G. Romero, "Tea and Atherosclerosis", Nature, December 9, 1967, Vol. 216, Num. 0, pp. 1015-1016
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In conclusion, this population based cohort study of women suggested that a high magnesium intake may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. While our findings require confirmation by other large well-designed studies, they support potential benefits of increasing consumption of major foods contributing to magnesium intake, including fruits and vegetables, whole grain foods, and beans in reducing colorectal cancer incidence.
Susanna C. Larsson, MSc, Leif Bergkvist, MD, PhD, and Alicja Wolk, DMSc, "Magnesium Intake in Relation to Risk Of Colorectal Cancer in Women", JAMA, January 5, 2005, Vol. 293, Num. 1, pp. 86-89
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Caffeine could be the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance globally. Because of its wide consumption at different amounts by most segments of the population, evaluation of the effects of coffee consumption on various cardiovascular markers should be of great importance from a public health perspective. We observed here that even moderate consumption of unfiltered coffee increases the amounts of proinflammatory markers of ischemic heart disease.
Antonios Zampelas, Demosthenes B Panagiotakos, Chritos Pitsavos, Christian Chyrsohoou, and Christodoulos Stefanadis, "Associations between coffee consumption and inflammatory markers in healthy persons: the ATTICA study", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2004, Vol. 80, Num. 0, pp. 862-867
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Thimerosal was developed by Eli Lily in the 1930s as an effective bacteriostatic and fungistatic preservative and has been widely used in multidose vials of vaccines and in ophthalmic, otic, nasal, and topical products. Until the removal of Thimerosal form most pediatric vaccines in 2001, the largest human exposure in the US (μg/kg body weight) was in children under 18 months of age undergoing routine childhood immunization schedules. Prior to 2001, a child may have received a cumulative dose of over 200 μg/kg in the first 18 months of life.
S.J. James, William Slikker III, Stepan Melnyk, Elizabeth New, Marta Pogribna, and Stefanie Jernigan, "Thimerosal Neurotoxicity is Associated with Glutathione Depletion: Protection with Glutathione Precursors", NeuroToxicology, January 1, 2005, Vol. 26, Num. 0, pp. 1-8
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The concurrent use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs greatly increased the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (15.6, 6.6 to 36.6) showing a more than multiplicative interaction.
Francisco José de Abajo, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Dolores Montero, "Association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: population based case-control study", BMJ (British Medical Journal), October 23, 1999, Vol. 319, Num. 0, pp. 1106-1109
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The direct medical costs associated with ADEs have been estimated to be in the range of $US30 billion to $US130 billion annually in the US alone. These estimates are even more meaningful when compared with other high cost conditions or diseases, such as diabetes mellitus ($US45.2 billion), obesity ($US70 billion), and cardiovascular disease ($US199.5 billion). Drug-related mortality has been estimated to claim 218,000 lives annually.
Mahyar Etminan, Bruce Carleton, Paula A. Rochon, "Quantifying Adverse Drug Events – Are Systematic Reviews the Answer?", Drug Safety, September 1, 2004, Vol. 27, Num. 11, pp. 757-761
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There is no longer any doubt that GM crops are not needed to feed the world, and that hunger is caused by poverty and inequality, and not by inadequate production of food. According to estimates by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation, there is enough food produced to feed everyone using only conventional crops, and that will remain the case for at least 25 years and probably far into the future. A recent report by ActionAid concludes that, "The widespread adoption of GM crops seems likely to exacerbate the underlying cause of food insecurity, leading to more hungry people, not fewer".
Mae-Wan Ho and Lim Li Ching, "The Case for A GM-Free Sustainable World", Independent Science Panel, June 15, 2009, Num. 0,
Link: http://www.foodfirst.org/progs/global/ge/isp/ispreport.pdf
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Over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medications are marketed widely for relief of common cold symptoms, and yet studies have failed to demonstrate a benefit of these medications for young children. In addition, OTC medications can be associated with significant morbidity and even mortality in both acute overdoses and when administered in correct doses for chronic periods of time.
Veronica L. Gunn, MD, Samina H. Taha, MD, Erica L. Liebelt, MD, and Janet R. Serwint, MD, "Toxicity of Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications", Pediatrics, September 1, 2001, Vol. 108, Num. 0, pp. e52
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Each year, approximately 2 million patients in the United States acquire infections while hospitalized for other conditions. These infections account for 88,000 deaths and cost approximately $4.6 billion. Similar infections occur in nursing homes, outpatient clinics, dialysis centers, and other sites of healthcare delivery.
"Forth Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections", MMWR, February 25, 2000, Vol. 49, Num. 7, pp. 138
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About 1.2 billion people still have no access to safe drinking water, and 2.4 billion do not have adequate sanitation services. Some 2 million children die every year from water-related diseases. In the poorest countries, one in five children dies before the age of five mainly from water-related infectious diseases arising from insufficient water availability, in both quantity and quality.
WEHAB Working Group, "A Framework for Action on Water and Sanitation", World Summit on Sustainable Development - Johannsesburg 2002 - United Nations, August 1, 2002, Num. 0,
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